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|national_motto = |national_anthem = |capital = Dakar |latd=14 |latm=40 |latNS=N |longd=17 |longm=25 |longEW=W |common_languages = French English Wolof Mandinka Fulani Jola |government_type = Confederation |title_leader = |leader1 = |year_leader1 = |title_representative = |representative1 = |year_representative1 = |title_deputy = |deputy1 = |year_deputy1 = |legislature = |event_pre = Agreement signed |date_pre = 12 December 1981 |date_start = 1 February |year_start = 1982 |year_end = 1989 |date_end = 30 September |stat_year1 = |stat_area1 = |stat_pop1 = |currency = |footnotes = }} (詳細はconfederation in the late 20th century between the West African countries of Senegal and its neighbour the Gambia, which is almost completely surrounded by Senegal. The confederation was founded on 1 February 1982 following an agreement between the two countries signed on 12 December 1981. It was intended to promote cooperation between the two countries, but was dissolved by Senegal on 30 September 1989 after the Gambia refused to move closer toward union. ==History== As a political unit, Senegambia was created by dueling French and English colonial forces in the region. Competition between the French and the English began in the 16th century when both started to establish trading centers. Although there was some overlap in their areas of influence, French trade centered on the Senegal River and in the Cap-Vert region and English trade on the Gambia River. The region became more important for both growing empires because West Africa allowed a convenient waystation for trade between Europe and the respective American colonies; critical to that trade was its provision of slaves for the African Slave Trade. As colonialism became more lucrative, especially after the development of the Thirteen Colonies, New France, and sugar plantations in the Caribbean, England and France took greater measures to define their spheres of influence in West Africa. From 1500 to 1758, the two powers used their naval power to try to remove each other from the region. In 1758, during the Seven Years' War based in Europe, the British captured major French trading bases along the Senegal River area and formed the first Senegambia as a crown colony.〔 The unified region collapsed in 1779. With the British occupied by the American Revolutionary War in North America, the French recaptured Saint Louis and burned the major British settlement in the Gambia region. The unified region ended officially in 1783 in the aftermath of the British defeat and independence by the United States.〔 The Treaty of Versailles (1783) (signed along with the Treaty of Paris that officially ended the American Revolution) created a balance between France and Britain: Saint Louis, l’île de Gorée, and the Senegal River region were restored to France, and the Gambia was left to the British.〔 In the 1860s and 1870s, both nations began to consider a land-trading proposal to unify the region, with the French trading another West African holding for the Gambia, but the exchange was never completed.〔Richmond p. 177〕 Although the areas were ruled by separate, competing powers, they did not determine an official border between the French and British Senegambian colonies until 1889. At the time, France agreed to accept the current border between the two countries and remove its border trading posts.〔 This decision resulted in the future Senegal (which gained its independence in 1960) and the Gambia (independent in 1965) sharing a large problem: how to successfully maintain two separate countries in a region with shared yet diverse cultural values, and one nation virtually surrounded by another. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Senegambia Confederation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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